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Astronomers Discover Unexpectedly Hot Galaxy Cluster in Early Universe

Published January 8, 2026, 08:15
Astronomers Discover Unexpectedly Hot Galaxy Cluster in Early Universe

A recent astronomical discovery has revealed an exceptionally hot galaxy cluster that formed just 1.4 billion years after the Big Bang. The temperature of the cluster, named SPT2349-56, is at least five times higher than predicted by existing cosmological models for such a young system. This suggests that the processes of galaxy cluster formation and evolution may be faster and more intense than previously thought. The SPT2349-56 cluster, although smaller than our own galaxy, is remarkably active, hosting over 30 active galaxies and three supermassive black holes. Simultaneously, it exhibits a star formation rate far exceeding that of our galaxy, creating over 5,000 times more new stars. Researchers used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to study the cluster and determine the unusually high temperature of the intracluster gas. Detecting this heat in such a young cluster is rare, as gas heating is considered a slow process linked to gravitational interaction and energy from young stars and black holes. The study supports the idea that supermassive black holes play a significant role in the rapid evolution of galaxy clusters, channeling vast amounts of energy into their surroundings. The researchers plan to continue studying SPT2349-56 to better understand the interactions between star formation, black holes, and hot gas, and to revise theories about the formation of cosmic structures.